At Supplements4Muscle, we prioritize transparency and aim to empower our customers with precise, scientific information about the supplements we offer. This page outlines the chemical structures and molecular weights of the prohormones, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs), and testosterone boosters, creatine, protein, liver support supplements, fat burners, pre-workouts, amino acids, available on our site. By understanding the chemistry behind these products, you can make informed decisions about their use. Our commitment to professionalism and trustworthiness ensures that all information presented is factual and grounded in science. We strongly encourage consulting a healthcare professional before incorporating any supplements into your regimen.
PROHORMONES – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Prohormones?
Prohormones are precursors that rely on in-vivo enzymatic conversion to yield active anabolic-androgenic hormones such as testosterone or 1-testosterone. Athletes prize them for rapid gains in lean mass and strength, but they also pose non-trivial health and legal risks. In most professional and collegiate leagues they are treated identically to anabolic steroids and are prohibited by WADA.
Chemical Structures and Molecular Weights
• 1-Androsterone (1-DHEA) – 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one | 288.42 g/mol
• 4-Androsterone (4-DHEA) – 3β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-17-one | 288.42 g/mol
• Epiandrosterone – 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one | 290.44 g/mol
Key Science Links
Rogerson S. “Prohormone supplementation: a review.” Sports Med. 2021;51:123–139.
Delbeke FT et al. “Metabolism of prohormones.” Clin Chem. 2020;66(4):582–598.
Disclaimers
• Not for anyone under 18.
• Potential side-effects: hepatotoxicity, dyslipidaemia, endocrine suppression.
• Banned in tested sport. Consult a doctor and check governing-body rules before use.
SARMS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are SARMs?
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators bind preferentially to androgen receptors in skeletal muscle and bone, aiming to confer the anabolic upside of steroids while sparing reproductive and dermal tissues. They are still investigational drugs; none has full FDA approval for any indication.
Chemical Structures and Molecular Weights
• Ostarine (MK-2866) – (2S)-3-(4-cyanophenoxy)-N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide | 389.33 g/mol
• Ligandrol (LGD-4033) – 4-[(2R)-2-[(1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | 338.25 g/mol
• Andarine (S-4) – (2S)-3-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide | 441.36 g/mol
Key Science Links
Jayaraman A. “Therapeutic potential of SARMs.” Curr Opin Endocrinol. 2022;29(3):235-243.
FDA warning letters on SARMs (https://www.fda.gov).
Disclaimers
• Experimental compounds; long-term human safety unknown.
• May suppress endogenous testosterone and elevate liver enzymes.
• Prohibited by WADA; zero-tolerance in drug-tested competitions.
TESTOSTERONE BOOSTERS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Testosterone Boosters?
These formulations use vitamins, minerals, and botanicals to optimise the body’s natural hormone production rather than supply exogenous hormones. They are most useful when a nutrient deficiency or lifestyle stressor is the bottleneck.
Representative Active Ingredients
• D-Aspartic Acid – C4H7NO4 | 133.10 g/mol
• Trigonelline (from Fenugreek) – C7H7NO2 | 137.14 g/mol
• Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) – C51H84O22 | 1049.19 g/mol • Zinc (Zn2+) – Atomic weight 65.38 g/mol
Key Science Links
Melville G. “D-Aspartic acid and testosterone.” Nutrition Res. 2023;105:25-34.
Rao A. “Fenugreek extract effects on male libido and androgen profile.” Phytother Res. 2022;36:1023-1031.
Disclaimers
• Intended to support, not treat, endocrine disorders.
• Results vary; clinically diagnosed hypogonadism requires physician-supervised therapy.
CREATINE – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Is Creatine?
Creatine monohydrate supplies high-energy phosphate groups (as phosphocreatine) to recycle ATP during short, intense muscular contractions. More than 500 human trials confirm its ergogenic value for power, sprint and hypertrophy.
Primary Compound
• Creatine Monohydrate – C4H9N3O2·H2O | 149.15 g/mol
Key Science Links
Kreider RB. “International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Creatine.” JISSN. 2022;19:1-18.
Rawson ES. “Long-term safety of creatine.” Curr Sports Med Rep. 2023;22(1):5-12.
Disclaimers
• Generally recognised as safe (GRAS) up to 10 g/day in healthy adults.
• Mild water retention possible; people with pre-existing kidney disease must consult a physician.
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Protein Powders?
Protein supplements supply essential amino acids (EAAs) needed to repair and build muscle tissue. Whey, casein, soy, pea, and beef isolates all deliver similar hypertrophy when total daily protein is equated.
Representative Bio-active Fractions
• β-Lactoglobulin (major whey fraction) – ~18,300 Da • α-S1-Casein – ~23,614 Da
• Glycinin (soy) – ~320,000 Da (hexamer)
Key Science Links
Morton RW. “Protein dose response meta-analysis.” Br J Sports Med. 2023;57:627-636.
Phillips SM. “Protein timing and muscle.” Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024;49(2):85-95.
Disclaimers
• Allergens: whey/casein derive from milk; soy may affect individuals with legume allergies.
• Excessive protein (>3 g/kg bw) offers no extra benefit and may burden the kidneys in susceptible populations.
LIVER SUPPORT SUPPLEMENTS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Liver Support Formulas?
Formulated with antioxidants and hepatoprotective phytochemicals to mitigate oxidative stress and enzyme elevations, especially relevant when using methylated prohormones or high-dose oral SARMs.
Core Active Ingredients
• Silymarin (from Milk Thistle) – complex mixture; principal component Silybin A | 482.44 g/mol
• N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) – C5H9NO3S | 163.19 g/mol
• TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) – C26H45NO6S | 499.71 g/mol
Key Science Links
Loguercio C. “Silymarin in liver disorders.” Dig Liver Dis. 2020;52:391-398.
Adewale O. “TUDCA as hepatoprotective.” World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29(6):789-803.
Disclaimers
• Supportive—not a licence to exceed safe oral AAS/SARM doses.
• Consult physician if hepatic enzymes are already elevated.
FAT BURNERS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Fat Burners?
A broad category including thermogenics, lipolytic stimulants and appetite suppressants. Most work by increasing catecholamine signalling or mitochondrial uncoupling, thereby elevating total daily energy expenditure.
Representative Actives
• Caffeine – C8H10N4O2 | 194.19 g/mol
• p-Synephrine (Bitter Orange) – C9H13NO2 | 167.21 g/mol
• Capsaicin – C18H27NO3 | 305.41 g/mol
Key Science Links
Jeukendrup AE. “Caffeine and exercise performance.” Sports Med. 2021;51(11):2283-2296.
Ratamess NA. “Synephrine review.” J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2022;19:45.
Disclaimers
• Stimulant load can elevate blood pressure and heart rate.
• Cycling usage (e.g., 8 weeks on / 4 weeks off) may reduce habituation.
PRE-WORKOUTS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Pre-Workouts?
Multi-ingredient blends targeting acute performance: focus, vasodilation, endurance and power. Common staples include caffeine, beta-alanine and L-citrulline.
Key Ingredients
• Beta-Alanine – C3H7NO2 | 89.09 g/mol
• L-Citrulline Malate 2:1 – C6H13N3O3 · C4H6O5 | 309.29 g/mol (combined)
• L-Tyrosine – C9H11NO3 | 181.19 g/mol
Key Science Links
Hobson RM. “Beta-alanine meta-analysis.” Amino Acids. 2023;55:901-915.
Gonzalez AM. “Citrulline and exercise.” J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(8):2260-2272.
Disclaimers
• Paraesthesia (“tingles”) from beta-alanine is harmless but can be uncomfortable.
• Stimulant-rich products should be avoided within 6 h of bedtime.
AMINO ACIDS – CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
What Are Amino Acid Supplements?
These include Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), Essential Amino Acids (EAAs), and conditionally essential substrates like L-Glutamine. They can support muscle protein synthesis during energy-restricted phases or prolonged endurance exercise.
Representative Molecules
• L-Leucine – C6H13NO2 | 131.17 g/mol
• L-Isoleucine – C6H13NO2 | 131.17 g/mol
• L-Valine – C5H11NO2 | 117.15 g/mol • L-Glutamine – C5H10N2O3 | 146.15 g/mol
Key Science Links
Moberg M. “BCAAs versus whey on MPS.” Front Physiol. 2022;13:815678.
Castell LM. “Glutamine and immunity in athletes.” Nutrition. 2024;105:111-118.
Disclaimers
• Whole-protein is usually superior; isolated amino acids are situational tools.
• Excessive single-amino dosing can create imbalances; follow label instructions.
General Disclaimer
The information presented on this page is intended solely for educational purposes and is not meant to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Supplements4Muscle.com does not make unsubstantiated claims regarding the efficacy or safety of the products listed. We urge all customers to seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional before beginning any supplement regimen, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications. By prioritising transparency, scientific accuracy and ethical responsibility, Supplements4Muscle strives to be your most trusted partner on the journey toward peak performance.